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Safe Sex -
2
U.S. National Library of Medicine
Medical Encyclopedia: Safe sex
Abstinence
is an absolute answer to preventing STDs. However, abstinence is not
always a practical or desirable option.
Next to
abstinence, the least risky approach is to have a monogamous sexual
relationship with someone that you know is free of any STD. Ideally,
before having sex with a new partner, each of you should get screened for
STDs, especially HIV and hepatitis B, and share the test results with one
another.
Use condoms
to avoid contact with semen, vaginal fluids, or blood. Both male and
female condoms dramatically reduce the chance you will get or spread an
STD. However, condoms must be used properly:
- The
condom should be in place from the beginning to end of sexual activity
and should be used every time you have sex.
-
Lubricants may help reduce the chance a condom will break. Use only
water-based lubricants, because oil-based or petroleum-type lubricants
can cause latex to weaken and tear. Do NOT use condoms with nonoxynol-9
-- these help prevent pregnancy, but may increase the chance of HIV
transmission.
- Use
latex condoms for vaginal, anal, and oral intercourse.
- Keep in
mind that STDs can still be spread, even if you use a condom, because a
condom does not cover surrounding skin areas. But a condom definitely
reduces your risk.
Here are
additional safe-sex steps:
- Know
your partner. Before having sex, first establish a committed
relationship that allows trust and open communication. You should be
able to discuss past sexual histories, any previous STDs or IV drug use.
You should not feel coerced or forced into having sex.
- Stay
sober. Alcohol and drugs impair your judgment, communication abilities,
and ability to properly use condoms or lubricants.
- Be
responsible. If you have an STD, like HIV or herpes, advise any
prospective sexual partner. Allow him or her to decide what to do. If
you mutually agree on engaging in sexual activity, use latex condoms and
other measures to protect the partner.
- If
pregnant, take precautions. If you have an STD, learn about the risk to
the infant before becoming pregnant. Ask your provider how to prevent
the fetus from becoming infected. HIV positive women should not
breastfeed their infant.
In summary,
safe sex requires prior planning and good communication between partners.
Given that, couples can enjoy the pleasures of a sexual relationship while
reducing the potential risks involved.
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